Ihe ndabere nke teknụzụ Laser

✷ Laser

Aha ya n'uju bụ Light Amplification site na-akpalite Emission of Radiation.Nke a pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "ịkwalite radieshon na-akpali akpali".Ọ bụ isi iyi ọkụ na-emepụta ihe nwere àgwà dị iche iche sitere na ìhè eke, nke nwere ike gbasaa n'ebe dị anya n'ahịrị kwụ ọtọ ma nwee ike ikpokọta na obere mpaghara.

✷ Ọdịiche Dị n'etiti Laser na Ìhè eke

1. monochromaticity

Ìhè eke na-agbakọta ọtụtụ ogologo ebili mmiri site na ultraviolet ruo infrared.Ogologo ogologo ya dị iche iche.

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Ìhè eke

Ìhè laser bụ otu wavelength nke ìhè, ihe onwunwe a na-akpọ monochromaticity.Uru nke monochromaticity bụ na ọ na-eme ka mgbanwe nke nhazi anya dị elu.

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Laser

Ndekọ ntugharị ọkụ na-adịgasị iche dabere n'ogologo wavele.

Mgbe ìhè eke na-agafe na oghere, mgbasa na-apụta n'ihi ụdị ogologo ikuku dị iche iche dị n'ime.A na-akpọ ihe omume a chromatic aberration.

N'aka nke ọzọ, ọkụ laser bụ otu ogologo wavelength nke ìhè na-atụgharị naanị n'otu ụzọ ahụ.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ebe oghere nke igwefoto kwesịrị inwe ihe nhazi nke na-edozi maka mgbagha n'ihi agba, lasers kwesịrị iburu ogologo ogologo ahụ n'uche, ya mere enwere ike ibunye osisi ahụ n'ebe dị anya, na-enye ohere maka nhazi ziri ezi nke na-etinye ìhè. n'obere ebe.

2. Ntuziaka

Ntuziaka bụ ogo nke ụda ma ọ bụ ọkụ na-adịchaghị agbasa ka ọ na-agafe na mbara igwe;elu directionality na-egosi obere mgbasa.

Ìhè eke: Ọ na-agụnye ọkụ gbasasịrị n'akụkụ dị iche iche, na iji meziwanye ntụziaka, a chọrọ usoro mgbagwoju anya dị mgbagwoju anya iji wepụ ìhè n'èzí ụzọ n'ihu.

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Laser:Ọ bụ ọkụ na-enye ntụziaka dị ukwuu, ọ dịkwa mfe ịmepụta optics iji mee ka laser mee njem n'usoro kwụ ọtọ na-agbasaghị, na-enye ohere maka nnyefe ogologo na ihe ndị ọzọ.

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3. Nkwekọrịta

Nkwekọrịta na-egosi ogo nke ọkụ na-etinye aka na ibe ya.Ọ bụrụ na a na-ewere ìhè dị ka ebili mmiri, ka ọnyà ndị ahụ na-abịaru nso ka njikọ ahụ dị elu.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ebili mmiri dị iche iche dị n'elu mmiri nwere ike ịkwalite ma ọ bụ kagbuo ibe ha mgbe ha na-ejikọta ibe ha, na n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka ihe a na-eme, ka ebili mmiri na-esiwanye ike ka nnyonye anya na-esiwanye ike.

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Ìhè eke

Usoro nke laser, ogologo wavele, na ntụzịaka bụ otu, enwere ike idowe ebili mmiri siri ike, si otú a na-enye ohere nnyefe ogologo.

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Laser elu na ndagwurugwu na-agbanwe agbanwe

Ìhè dị oke ọnụ, nke nwere ike ibunye n'ebe dị anya na-agbasaghị, nwere uru na enwere ike ikpokọta ya na obere ntụpọ site na oghere, ma nwee ike iji ya dị ka ìhè dị elu site n'ibunye ọkụ na-emepụta ebe ọzọ.

4. Ike njupụta

Lasers nwere ọmarịcha monochromaticity, ntụzịaka na ịdị n'otu, enwere ike chịkọta ya na obere ntụpọ iji mepụta ọkụ njupụta ume dị elu.Enwere ike ịgbada lasers ruo na nso oke ọkụ eke nke ọkụ eke enweghị ike iru.(Oke ngafe: Ọ na-ezo aka na enweghị ike anụ ahụ ilekwasị anya n'ìhè n'ime ihe dị obere karịa ogologo ogologo nke ìhè.)

Site n'ibelata laser ka ọ dị ntakịrị, ike ọkụ (njupụta ike) nwere ike ịba ụba ruo n'ókè enwere ike iji ya na-egbutu ígwè.

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Laser

✷ Ụkpụrụ nke Laser Oscillation

1. Ụkpụrụ nke ọgbọ laser

Iji mepụta ìhè laser, atom ma ọ bụ molecules a na-akpọ mgbasa ozi laser dị mkpa.Igwe ọkụ laser na-eme ka ike dị n'èzí (ụtọ) nke mere na atom na-agbanwe site na ala ala ike dị ala gaa na ọnọdụ obi ụtọ dị elu.

Ọnọdụ obi ụtọ bụ ọnọdụ nke electrons dị n'ime atom si n'ime ime banye na mpụta shei.

Mgbe atom gbanwere gaa na ọnọdụ obi ụtọ, ọ na-alaghachi na steeti ala mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị (oge ọ na-ewe iji laghachi site na ọnọdụ obi ụtọ na ala ala a na-akpọ fluorescence lifetime).N'oge a na-enweta ume na-egbuke egbuke n'ụdị ọkụ iji laghachi na ala ala (ụzarị mberede).

Ìhè a na-egbuke egbuke nwere ogologo ebili mmiri.A na-emepụta lasers site n'ịgbanwe atom ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ obi ụtọ wee wepụ ọkụ na-esi na ya nweta ya.

2. Ụkpụrụ nke Amplified Laser

Atọm nke gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ obi ụtọ ruo oge ụfọdụ ga-amụba ìhè n'ihi radieshon na-apụtaghị ìhè ma laghachi na ala ala.

Otú ọ dị, ka ọkụ na-akpali akpali na-esiwanye ike, otú ahụ ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke atọm na ọnọdụ obi ụtọ ga-abawanye, na radieshon na-apụtaghị ìhè ga-abawanye, na-ebute ihe ngosi nke radieshon obi ụtọ.

Radieshon na-akpali akpali bụ ihe omume nke, mgbe ọkụ ọkụ nke mberede ma ọ bụ kpalitere radieshon na atom nwere obi ụtọ, ọkụ ahụ na-enye atom na-atọ ụtọ ume iji mee ka ìhè ahụ bụrụ ike kwekọrọ.Mgbe radieshon na-akpali akpali, atọm nwere obi ụtọ na-alaghachi na ọnọdụ ala ya.Ọ bụ radieshon a na-akpali akpali nke a na-eji maka mmụba nke lasers, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke atom dị na steeti obi ụtọ, ka ọkụ na-akpali akpali na-anọgide na-emepụta, nke na-enye ohere ka ọkụ na-amụba ngwa ngwa ma wepụ ya dị ka ìhè laser.

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✷ Owuwu nke Laser

A na-ekewa lasers ụlọ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ime ụdị 4.

1. Semiconductor laser: A laser nke na-eji semiconductor na-arụ ọrụ oyi akwa (ìhè-emitting oyi akwa) dị ka ọkara ya.

2. Gas lasers: CO2 lasers na-eji CO2 gas dị ka usoro na-eji ọtụtụ ebe.

3. Laser steeti siri ike: N'ozuzu YAG lasers na lasers YVO4, na YAG na YVO4 kristal laser media.

4. Fiber laser: iji ngwa anya eriri dị ka ọkara.

✷ Banyere Njirimara Pulse na Mmetụta na Workpieces

1. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti YVO4 na fiber laser

Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti lasers YVO4 na laser fiber bụ ike kacha elu na obosara usu.Ike kacha elu na-anọchi anya ịdị ike nke ìhè, na obosara usu na-anọchi anya ogologo oge nke ìhè.yVO4 nwere njirimara nke iwepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu ngwa ngwa na obere ọkụ ọkụ, na eriri nwere njirimara nke ịmepụta ọnụ ala dị ala na ogologo ọkụ ọkụ.Mgbe laser na-eme ka ihe dị na ya pụta, nsonaazụ nhazi nwere ike ịdị iche iche dabere na ọdịiche dị na pulses.

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2. Mmetụta na ihe

Igwe ọkụ nke laser YVO4 na-eme ka ihe ahụ dị elu na-egbuke egbuke maka oge dị mkpirikpi, nke mere na ebe ndị dị ọkụ nke elu oyi akwa na-ekpo ọkụ ngwa ngwa wee dị jụụ ozugbo.A na-eme ka akụkụ ahụ a na-agba ọkụ na-adị mma ka ọ bụrụ ụfụfụ na steeti na-esi esi mmiri ma na-ekupụ ka ọ bụrụ akara na-emighị emi.Mgbasa irradiation na-agwụ tupu ebufee okpomọkụ, ya mere enwere obere mmetụta okpomọkụ na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu.

Ngwurugwu nke laser fiber, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-eme ka ọkụ dị ala na-egbuke egbuke ruo ogologo oge.Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke ihe ahụ na-ebili nwayọọ nwayọọ ma na-anọgide na-abụ mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ na-ekpochapụ ruo ogologo oge.Ya mere, laser fiber na-adabara maka ihe osise ojii ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe osise na-aghọ nnukwu, ma ọ bụ ebe a na-edobe ígwè ahụ na nnukwu okpomọkụ na oxidizes na ọ dị mkpa ka agbaji oji.


Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 26-2023